In this study, the microbial composition of the upper airway mucosa was characterized in patients with OSA. Although there were no significant differences in overall microbiome diversity between patients with mild to moderate OSA and non-OSA control patients, a distinct microbiome microbiome was observed in the 2 groups. Moreover, the relative proportion of certain species was negatively correlated with low oxygen saturation during sleep. This is the first study to investigate the upper airway microbiome in patients with OSA from a general population-based cohort and not from a specialty clinic.
The human microbiome is highly related to the health status of the host, particularly in the mucosal system, where direct interactions between microorganisms and the host may occur. Host–microbe interactions linked to particular diseases have already been well established in the intestinal mucosa, but certain airway inflammatory diseases have also been shown to be highly associated with compositional shifts in the airway micro-biome. Studies have noted that both total bacterial burden and bacterial diversity are considerably higher in the airways of highly associated with compositional shifts in the airway micro-biome. Studies have noted that both total bacterial burden and bacterial diversity are considerably higher in the airways of patients with asthma, along with bronchial hyper responsiveness, than in those of healthy control patients.
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