Numerous mechanisms associated with endurance exercise training have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Examples of such adaptations are, inter alia, nitric oxide–mediated changes in coronary and peripheral vascular resistance, reduction in sympathetic nerve tone, improvement in endothelial function, suppression of inflammation, and blood clotting. These mechanisms lead to an improvement in systolic and diastolic left ventricular function and cardiac output,reduce resting heart rate and blood pressure, and reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, physical activity seems to be a crucial element in reducing CV risk in the secondary prevention of CV diseases.
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